--- layout: page title: Open Knowledge Definition [-1.0-] {+1.1+} --- {+Version 1.1+} {++} {+##+} Terminology [-------------] The term **knowledge** is taken to include: 1. Content such as music, films, books 2. Data be it scientific, historical, geographic or otherwise 3. Government and other administrative information Software is excluded despite its obvious centrality because it is already adequately addressed by previous work. The term **work** will be used to denote the item {+or piece+} of knowledge [-at issue.-] {+which is being transferred.+} The term **package** may also be used to denote a collection of works. Of course such a package may be considered a work in itself. The term **license** refers to the legal license under which the work is made available. Where no license has been made this should be interpreted as referring to the resulting default legal conditions under which the work is [-available.-] {+available (for example copyright).+} {++} {+##+} The Definition [----------------] A work is open if its manner of distribution satisfies the following conditions: ### 1. Access The work shall be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably downloading via the Internet without charge. The work must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form. {+*Comment: This can be summarized as 'social' openness - not only are you allowed to get the work but you can get it. 'As a whole' prevents the limitation of access by indirect means, for example by only allowing access to a few items of a database at a time (material should be available in bulk as necessary). Convenient and modifiable means that material should be machine readable (rather than, for example, just human readable).*+} ### 2. Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the work either on its own or as part of a package made from works from many different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale or distribution. ### 3. Reuse The license must allow for modifications and derivative works and must allow them to be distributed under the terms of the original work. [-The-] [-license may impose some form-] {+*Comment: Note that this clause does not prevent the use+} of [-attribution and integrity requirements:-] [-see principle 5 (Attribution) and principle 6 (Integrity) below.-] {+'viral' or share-alike licenses that require redistribution of modifications under the same terms as the original.*+} ### 4. Absence of Technological Restriction The work must be provided in such a form that there are no technological obstacles to the performance of the above activities. This can be achieved by the provision of the work in an open data format, i.e. one whose specification is publicly and freely available and which places no restrictions monetary or otherwise upon its use. ### 5. Attribution The license may require as a condition for redistribution and re-use the attribution of the contributors and creators to the work. If this condition is imposed it must not be onerous. For example if attribution is required a list of those requiring attribution should accompany the work. ### 6. Integrity The license may require as a condition for the work being distributed in modified form that the resulting work carry a different name or version number from the original work. ### 7. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. {+*Comment: In order to get the maximum benefit from the process, the maximum diversity of persons and groups should be equally eligible to contribute to open knowledge. Therefore we forbid any open-knowledge license from locking anybody out of the process.*+} {++} {+*Comment: this is taken directly from item 5 of the OSD.*+} ### 8. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the work in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the work from being used in a business, or from being used for [-military-] {+genetic+} research. {+*Comment: The major intention of this clause is to prohibit license traps that prevent open material from being used commercially. We want commercial users to join our community, not feel excluded from it.*+} {++} {+*Comment: this is taken directly from item 6 of the OSD.*+} ### 9. Distribution of License The rights attached to the work must apply to all to whom [-the work-] {+it+} is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. {+*Comment: This clause is intended to forbid closing up knowledge by indirect means such as requiring a non-disclosure agreement.*+} {++} {+*Comment: this is taken directly from item 7 of the OSD.*+} ### 10. License Must Not Be Specific to a Package The rights attached to the work must not depend on the work being part of a particular package. If the work is extracted from that package and used or distributed within the terms of the work's license, all parties to whom the work is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original package. {+*Comment: this is taken directly from item 8 of the OSD.*+} ### 11. License Must Not Restrict the Distribution of Other Works The license must not place restrictions on other works that are distributed along with the licensed work. For example, the license must not insist that all other works distributed on the same medium are open. {+*Comment: Distributors of open knowledge have the right to make their own choices. Note that 'share-alike' licenses are conformant since those provisions only apply if the whole forms a single work.*+} {++} {+*Comment: this is taken directly from item 9 of the OSD.*+}